"ENIAC"
The American ENIAC, which is often called the first electronic general-purpose computers, has publicly demonstrated the applicability of electronics for large-scale computing. This was a key moment in the development of computers, primarily because of the huge increase in computation speed, but also because of the possibilities for miniaturization. Created under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert (J. Presper Eckert), this car was a 1000 times faster than all other cars of that time. Development of the ENIAC "lasted from 1943 to 1945. At a time when the project was proposed, many researchers were convinced that among the thousands of fragile vacuum tubes, many will burn out so often that the ENIAC would be too long to wait for repairs, and thus would be virtually useless. Nevertheless, on a real machine could perform several thousand operations per second for several hours, until the next failure due to burnt-out headlight.
The ENIAC, of course, satisfies the requirement of Turing. But the "program" for this machine is determined by the state of the connecting cables and switches - a huge contrast to the machines with the stored program will be available later. Nevertheless, while the calculations performed without the aid of man, considered to be sufficiently great achievement, and purpose of the program was then a decision only a single task. (The improvements that were completed in 1948, enabled the execution of programs written in a special memory, making programming more systematic, less "disposable" achievement.)
Reworking ideas Eckert and Mauchly, as well as assessing the limitations the ENIAC, John von Neumann wrote a widely quoted report describing the project computer (EDVAC), in which both program and data are stored in a single universal memory. The principles of this machine became known as "von Neumann architecture" and served as the basis for developing the first truly flexible, general-purpose digital computers.